⽬的：分析⼼肺運動試驗（cardiopulmonary exercise testing, CPET）在外科⼿術中應⽤研究的現狀、熱點及發展趨勢。⽅法：從 Web of Science（WoS）核⼼數據庫、Scopus 及 PubMed central（PMC）數據庫中檢索 2014 年至 2024 年發表的相關⽂章。使⽤Python 軟件進⾏去重及格式轉換，使⽤ CiteSpace 軟件進⾏⽂獻計量分析。結果：共發現 1,466 篇出版物，發⽂量總體呈上升趨勢，英國和倫敦⼤學分別是發⽂量最多的國家和機構，Grocott MPW 是發⽂量最多的作者，共被引量最多的期刊為 Circulation。應⽤ CPET 較多的領域分別是先⼼病⼿術（尤其是 Fontan ⼿術、法洛四聯症⼿術）、胸外科⼿術（尤其是肺癌⼿術）、結直腸癌⼿術、減重⼿術。結論：術前風險評估、術前預康復與術後康復、術後併發症預測、功能能⼒評估（短期或長期）可能是⽬前及未來的應⽤熱點。在應⽤⼈群⽅⾯，癌症或⼿術⾼危／衰弱患者可能是⽬前及未來的應⽤熱點⼈群。進⼀步研究以提⾼⼿術預後預測精度、發掘更多 CPET 參數的臨床意義及明確閾值範圍、加強對 CPET 相關報告醫⽣及臨床醫⽣的培訓、促進⼈⼯智能與 CPET 的結合可能是未來的發展趨勢。

Objective: To analyze the current status, hotspots, and development trends of research on the application of CPET in surgical procedures. Methods: Relevant articles published from 2014 to 2024 were retrieved from the WoS, Scopus, and PMC databases. Python software was utilized for deduplication and format conversion, while CiteSpace software was employed for bibliometric analysis. Results: A total of 1,466 publications were identified, with an overall upward trend in publication volume. The United Kingdom and University of London were the leading country and institution in terms of publication output, respectively. Grocott MPW was the most prolific author, and the journal with the highest number of cocitations is Circulation. The fields with significant application of CPET include congenital heart disease surgeries (particularly Fontan procedures and surgeries for Tetralogy of Fallot), thoracic surgeries (especially lung cancer surgeries), colorectal cancer surgeries, and bariatric surgeries. Conclusion: Preoperative risk assessment, prehabilitation and postoperative rehabilitation, prediction of postoperative complications, and functional capacity assessment (both short-term and long-term) are likely to be current and future hotspots of application. In terms of the target population, cancer or high risk in surgery/frail patients may represent a current and future hotspot for application. Further research aimed at improving the accuracy of surgical prognosis prediction, exploring the clinical significance of additional CPET parameters and establishing clear threshold ranges, enhancing training for physicians reporting on CPET and clinical practitioners, and promoting the integration of artificial intelligence with CPET may be future development trends.